Bronze Casting in Patan, Nepal
Author : Peter Vredeveld
The tradition of casting bronze Buddha statues in Nepal is centuries old and still continues now-a-days.
The tradition of casting bronze Buddha statues in Nepal is an ancient practice that endures through the ages. With a history spanning centuries, it showcases the remarkable artistry and profound spirituality that characterize this Himalayan nation. Located in the heart of the Kathmandu Valley, Patan, Nepal, occupies a unique role in preserving this artistic tradition.
History of Patan
Patan, also known as Lalitpur Sub-metropolitan city, is renowned for its rich cultural heritage, artistic traditions, vibrant festivals, and historic landmarks. It is a city brimming with Buddha statue, wood carvings, temples and Buddha stupas. The city is also celebrated as the birthplace of legendary artisans Arniko and Kuber Singh Shakya, who have played a pivotal role in uplifting Nepal's artistic heritage. Patan's history dates back to the third century B.C when it is believed to have been established by the Kirat Dynasty. The artistic expressions in Patan draw influences from both Hinduism and Buddhism, necessitating an understanding of both religions to truly appreciate the nuances of Nepali art.
Early Origins
The artistic journey of Patan can be traced back to Emperor Asoka, who visited Kathmandu with his daughter Charumati in 250 BC. Asoka erected five Asoka Stupas in Patan, each symbolizing the Dhamma wheels. These stupas became the cornerstone of the city's cultural and artistic identity.
Religious and Cultural Significance
Patan's art is an amalgamation of fluid, syncretic and unorthodox religious beliefs. It was a melting pot of diverse faiths, where Theravada Buddhism coexisted harmoniously with various other religious groups, including Mahayana Buddhism, Tantric Buddhism, Saivite and Vaishnava schools. This rich diversity and heritage have helped shape the artistic expression of Patan.
Techniques of Bronze Casting
Bronze casting in Patan represents the epitome of artistic expression, akin to stone sculptures, terra cotta arts, and temple construction. It dates back to the Licchavi Kings, who created decorated bronze coins and captivating bronze gargoyles adorned with crocodile heads, which graced the royal palaces. The Pala School in India, during the Pala Dynasty (8th to 12th centuries), brought new dimensions to Nepalese arts, culminating in a remarkable artistic renaissance in the 15th century.
Bronze Buddha Statues
Among the many forms of bronze artistry, crafting Buddha statue holds a special place. These statues, whether hollow or solid, are created using techniques like cire-perdue or the lost-wax system. The statues' exquisite details and profound spiritual significance have made them highly sought after, not only within Nepal but also in regions like Tibet, where Buddhism holds great importance.
Cultural Heritage and Museums
The Patan Durbar Square, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a testament to the city's rich heritage and artistry, offering visitors a glimpse into the grandeur of Patan's royal history.
Conclusion
Casting bronze Buddha statues in Nepal transcends art; it's a spiritual odyssey that mirrors the nation's diverse cultural heritage. It embodies Nepal's enduring spirit and its intrinsic bond with both artistic expression and spiritual devotion. Exploring the ancient city of Patan unveils the legacy of bronze casting and its profound influence on Nepal's artistic and religious heritage.
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